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Dom Aversano's avatar

Bravo Ted, this is superb writing and research. I love the illustrations.

In Orlando Figes book The Europeans, he writes about the importance of Spain and Russia as European points of contact with the so-called 'Oriental' world. If you haven't read it, I think it is very relevant to what you are writing about now.

It's no coincidence to me that the South of Spain has one of the richest musical traditions in the world, even though it is very hard to encounter in an authetic form. You're much more likely to find it in Seville's edgy 3000 Viviendas estate or in a music contest in Granada's prison than some overpriced restaurant in the caves of Granada. I live in Spain, and many flamenco musicians identify with Black Americans, on the basis that both are treated as an underclass and use music to maintain their dignity and express the pain of living in difficult cirumstances.

"Not long ago, many Spanish scholars denied these non-European influences on their music, but that never made much sense."

I think there is a central lie to every nation or culture, and the central lie to Spain is the denial African heritage, ancient and recent (I mean just look at the guitar!) In fact the ritual of re-enacting the Reconquista annually strikes me as a way of maintaining this delusion, as what is lost in the spectacle is that when the Catholics conquered Spain they did not drive out or execute the bulk of the population but demanded them to convert. In this sense the Moors never really left Spain but - as is almost always the case - they simply changed alligence and religion (and not just Muslims, but Jews also, who were able to coexist in the Moors more tolerant civilization than the one that followed it).

So much of Spanish culture from its food, ceramics, quadrant gardens, language (aceite, alfombra, azucar, Hola etc.) dance, clothes, and music, is heavily influenced by African culture. I think you're onto something with this strand of research. You seem to understand something about Europe that very few Europeans truly acknowledge.

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Melmoth Wanderer's avatar

One of the best articles on music I've read, and I've been reading them since 1956.

Music crosses borders and gets adapted. The Maghreb was always a part of the Mediterranean world and Troubadours began in Languedoc on the border of the Pyrenees. Just as "La Dolce Stil Nuovo" began in Sicily and was transformed by Florentine poets into the sonnet, the prevailing short poetic form until the 20th century.

The cultural stew of America has been simmering for a millennium.

Morris Dancers etymologically certainly are from "Moorish," but in their case it may be more deeply connected to Celtic symbols of Light and Dark. Gets really dark this time of year in Northwestern Europe.

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